Have you noticed your axolotl behaving a little differently? Maybe its features seem to be changing, or its behavior feels off. If you’re wondering if your pet might be undergoing metamorphosis, you’re not alone.
Axolotls rarely transition into terrestrial salamanders, but when it happens, it’s fascinating—and a bit concerning for their care.
Let’s explore the signs that suggest your axolotl might be going through this rare transformation, and what you should do about it.
What Happens During Axolotl Metamorphosis?

Axolotls are unique because they normally remain in their aquatic juvenile stage for life, a condition called neoteny. However, certain conditions can trigger metamorphosis, leading them to transition into a terrestrial form. This process can be stressful and even dangerous for them.
Secondary gill retraction of approximately 50% occurs within six days of hormone treatment during metamorphosis.
When metamorphosis starts, physical changes take center stage. Their gills begin to shrink, lungs develop for breathing air, and their bodies adapt for life on land. Behavior changes also occur, like spending more time near the surface or reducing activity levels. These signs can help you spot the transformation early.
Why Does Metamorphosis Occur?
Axolotls don’t naturally metamorphose in stable conditions. However, certain triggers can set the process in motion:
- Environmental stress: Poor water quality, overcrowding, or a sudden drop in water temperature can force this change.
- Hormonal exposure: Substances like iodine, found in some foods or medications, can stimulate metamorphosis.
- Genetic factors: Some axolotls may have genes that make them more likely to transform, especially if they’re hybridized with tiger salamanders.
Now that you know what causes metamorphosis, let’s look at the physical and behavioral clues.
Physical Signs of Axolotl Metamorphosis
Spotting physical changes early can make all the difference for your axolotl’s health. These changes typically appear gradually, so keeping an eye out is key.
Metamorphic limbs have a larger cross-sectional area (14.2 mm²) compared to paedomorphic limbs (10.6 mm²).
Shrinking Gills
The most noticeable sign is gill shrinkage. Axolotls have large, feathery gills for aquatic respiration, but during metamorphosis, these gills start to wither as lungs develop. You might see the gills appear smaller or less vibrant.
What to Watch For
- Gills looking shorter or less fluffy than usual.
- Loss of the vibrant red or pink coloration.
- Your axolotl spending less time relying on its gills for breathing.
Skin Thickening
Axolotls transitioning to land develop thicker, tougher skin to adapt to life outside water. This change helps prevent dehydration in a terrestrial environment.
Key Indicators
- Skin becomes less translucent and more opaque.
- Texture appears rougher or drier than usual.
- Loss of the slimy coating typical of aquatic axolotls.
Limb Changes
Their limbs undergo adjustments to better support their weight on land. This can make their body proportions look different.
In captivity, axolotls can live up to 15 years, with an average lifespan of 10-12 years; in the wild, they typically live only 5-6 years due to environmental threats.
Signs to Notice
- Limbs appearing sturdier or more muscular.
- Feet and toes looking longer or more defined.
- Reduced swimming activity as their body prepares for land.
Body Shape and Size
Axolotls undergoing metamorphosis may slim down as their body adjusts. They develop a more streamlined appearance and a flatter head to aid in terrestrial breathing.
What You’ll See
- A narrower head with reduced features for aquatic life.
- A slight hump forming near the neck as the lungs develop.
- General loss of bulk compared to their aquatic state.
Behavioral Changes During Metamorphosis
In addition to physical changes, you’ll notice your axolotl acting differently. These behaviors can give you important clues.
Surface Breathing
As the gills shrink and lungs develop, axolotls start coming to the surface more often for air. This increase in surface activity is a major indicator.
Key Behaviors
- Frequent trips to the water’s surface for gulps of air.
- Longer periods spent in shallow water or areas with easy access to air.
- Struggling to remain submerged as their lungs become more functional.
Reduced Activity
Metamorphosis takes a lot of energy. Your axolotl might seem lethargic or spend more time hiding. This slowdown is a response to the physical stress of transformation.
Watch For
- Spending more time resting on the bottom or near hiding spots.
- Decreased appetite or refusal to eat.
- General sluggishness compared to their normal behavior.
Avoidance of Deep Water
Axolotls transitioning to land may show an aversion to deeper water, preferring shallower areas where they can easily breathe air and prepare for terrestrial movement.
Common Signs
- Clinging to the edges of the tank.
- Avoiding areas with stronger currents or deep sections.
- Gradual preference for crawling rather than swimming.
What Should You Do If Your Axolotl Is Metamorphosing?
If you suspect your axolotl is undergoing metamorphosis, it’s essential to adapt their care routine. Metamorphosis is stressful and can lead to health issues without proper support.
Create a Safe Environment
Transitioning axolotls need a habitat that supports their changing needs. Gradually modify their tank to help them adjust.
Tips for Habitat Changes
- Lower the water level to create shallow areas where they can rest and breathe easily.
- Add land features like smooth rocks or floating platforms to help them climb out of the water.
- Maintain a humid environment to prevent skin dehydration.
Monitor Their Health Closely
During metamorphosis, axolotls are prone to stress-related illnesses. Watch for signs of declining health, like weight loss or skin infections.
Key Actions
- Keep the water clean and well-oxygenated to reduce stress.
- Avoid sudden changes in temperature or tank conditions.
- Check for signs of fungal infections or other health problems.
Adjust Their Diet
Axolotls in metamorphosis may need a more nutrient-dense diet to support the energy demands of transformation.
Feeding Tips
- Offer high-protein foods like earthworms, bloodworms, or cut-up shrimp.
- Consider adding vitamin or calcium supplements if they show signs of malnutrition.
- Be patient if their appetite decreases, as this is normal during the process.
Decide If Intervention Is Necessary
Metamorphosis is risky, and some axolotls don’t survive it. If your axolotl is struggling, consult an experienced exotic vet. They can provide guidance or medication to support the process.
Can You Prevent Axolotl Metamorphosis?
If you want your axolotl to remain aquatic, preventing metamorphosis is ideal. While it’s not always avoidable, you can reduce the chances by controlling their environment and diet.
Maintain Stable Water Quality
Stress from poor water conditions is a major trigger for metamorphosis. Regular maintenance is crucial.
Best Practices
- Keep the water temperature between 60-64°F (16-18°C).
- Monitor ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate levels to ensure they’re within safe limits.
- Perform regular partial water changes to maintain cleanliness.
Avoid Hormonal Triggers
Substances like iodine can encourage metamorphosis, so keep their exposure minimal.
What to Do
- Avoid feeding foods high in iodine, like shrimp shells or certain processed pellets.
- Check medications for ingredients that might stimulate hormone production.
Provide a Calm Environment
Axolotls are sensitive to stress, so ensure their tank setup minimizes disturbances.
Recommendations
- Limit tank mates, as overcrowding can increase stress.
- Use a gentle filter to avoid creating strong currents.
- Include plenty of hiding spots to help them feel secure.
Wrapping It All Up: Support Your Axolotl Through Any Changes
Recognizing the signs of axolotl metamorphosis early can make all the difference in their care. From shrinking gills to surface breathing, these changes require quick action and careful attention. If your axolotl is transforming, adjust their habitat, diet, and care routine to meet their new needs.
Preventing metamorphosis is usually the best option, so focus on keeping their environment stable and stress-free.
But if your axolotl starts to change, you’ve got the knowledge to help them through it safely. Keep an eye on them, make adjustments as needed, and don’t hesitate to reach out to a vet if things get tough. With your support, your axolotl will have the best chance at staying healthy through every stage of life.
References
Axolotl Metamorphosis – Reddit
Metamorphose de l’Axolotl – Axolotls Cie
Axolotl Metamorphosis – Caudata.org
Signs of Metamorphosis – Morphed Axolotls
Disclaimer
This content on Bagrica is for informational purposes only. Consult a professional for pet care or farming advice. Bagrica is not liable for any actions taken based on this information.
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