You’ve got an axolotl, or maybe you’re thinking about getting one, and now you’re wondering how to set up the perfect coldwater tank.
Let’s make it simple—you’re creating a cozy underwater home for a creature that thrives in cool, clean water. Axolotls might look magical, but their needs are straightforward once you know what to do.
Setting up their tank the right way isn’t just about keeping them healthy—it’s about giving them a space where they can truly thrive. So, let’s get into the details of making this tank a reality.
Picking the Right Tank for Your Axolotl

Axolotls need plenty of space to move and grow. A small tank just won’t cut it for these unique amphibians. The ideal tank size for a single axolotl is at least 20 gallons.
In captivity, axolotls can live up to 15 years, with an average lifespan of 10-12 years; in the wild, they typically live only 5-6 years due to environmental threats.
If you’re planning to keep more than one, aim for an even larger tank to avoid crowding. They’re not great swimmers, so they don’t need a tall tank. Go for a long, low one instead.
Why Bigger is Better
A larger tank doesn’t just give your axolotl room to move—it also helps maintain water quality. The more water you have, the less chance sudden changes in temperature or ammonia levels will harm your pet. Plus, you’ll have more space for decorations, hiding spots, and plants, which keep axolotls happy and relaxed.
Material and Placement
Most axolotl tanks are made from glass or acrylic. Glass is durable and scratch-resistant, while acrylic is lighter but prone to scratches. Choose what works best for you, but make sure the tank is sturdy. Place it somewhere cool, away from direct sunlight or heat sources.
Axolotls thrive in temperatures between 60-64°F, so keeping their tank in the right spot makes a big difference.
Setting Up the Filtration System
Axolotls are messy eaters, so a good filtration system is a must. A sponge filter is one of the best options. It provides gentle filtration without creating a strong current that could stress your axolotl. Canister filters are another choice if you need something more powerful, but you’ll want to minimize the flow.
Adult axolotls grow to about 20 to 30 cm (approximately 8 to 12 inches) in length and can weigh up to 300 grams (about 0.66 pounds).
Adding an Air Pump
Pairing your filter with an air pump is a great idea. Axolotls don’t need aeration like fish, but an air pump improves water circulation and oxygen levels without causing too much turbulence.
Monitoring Water Flow
Always check the water flow. If your axolotl seems stressed or is constantly hiding, the current might be too strong. Reduce it by adjusting the filter settings or using decorations to break up the flow.
Choosing Substrate for Your Tank
The substrate is more than just decoration—it affects your axolotl’s health. Avoid gravel or small stones, as axolotls can accidentally swallow them, leading to impaction. Instead, go for safer options.
Best Substrate Choices
- Fine sand: Smooth and safe, this is the top choice for axolotls.
- Bare bottom: Easy to clean and practical, though some axolotls might struggle to grip the surface.
- Large river stones: If you prefer a natural look, ensure the stones are too big for your axolotl to eat.
Avoiding Dangerous Substrates
Never use sharp, rough materials that could hurt your axolotl’s delicate skin. Stay away from small gravel or substrates designed for fish, as these aren’t safe.
Filling the Tank with Water
Axolotls are highly sensitive to water quality, so using the right water is critical. Tap water can be fine, but only if you treat it properly.
Preparing Water for Axolotls
- Use a dechlorinator to remove harmful chlorine and chloramines from tap water.
- Check your local water supply for heavy metals. If levels are high, use a filter to remove them before filling the tank.
- Test the pH level. Axolotls prefer a neutral pH between 6.5 and 7.5.
Female axolotls can lay between 200 to over 1,000 eggs in a single spawning event.
Temperature Control
Coldwater tanks don’t usually need a heater. Instead, focus on keeping the water cool. If your home gets warm, invest in a chiller to maintain a steady temperature. Cooling fans or frozen water bottles can also help in a pinch.
Adding Hides and Decorations
Axolotls love hiding spots and a natural-looking environment. The right decorations make your tank more than just functional—they create a relaxing, engaging space for your axolotl.
Safe Hiding Spots
- Ceramic caves or tubes
- PVC pipes
- Driftwood (ensure it’s aquarium-safe)
- Rock caves
Avoid Sharp Edges
Axolotls have delicate skin, so avoid decorations with sharp or rough edges. Run your hand over any item before placing it in the tank to ensure it’s safe.
Adding Live Plants to Your Tank
Live plants don’t just look great—they help maintain water quality by reducing nitrates. They also provide shade and hiding spots for your axolotl.
Best Plant Choices
- Java fern: Hardy and easy to grow, this plant thrives in low light.
- Anubias: Another low-maintenance option that can be tied to driftwood or rocks.
- Marimo moss balls: These not only look cool but also help improve water quality.
Plant Care Tips
Make sure your plants are suitable for a coldwater tank. Choose species that can thrive in the same low temperatures as your axolotl.
Cycling the Tank
Before introducing your axolotl, the tank needs to go through the nitrogen cycle. This process ensures that beneficial bacteria establish themselves to handle waste effectively.
Steps to Cycle Your Tank
- Add a source of ammonia, like fish food or pure ammonia drops.
- Test the water regularly for ammonia, nitrites, and nitrates.
- Wait for ammonia and nitrites to drop to zero while nitrates increase. This can take 4-6 weeks.
Patience Pays Off
Skipping the cycle can harm your axolotl, so don’t rush this step. Use a reliable test kit to monitor the water parameters throughout the process.
Introducing Your Axolotl
Once your tank is cycled, it’s time to add your axolotl. But don’t just plop them in—acclimation is key.
Acclimating Your Axolotl
- Float the bag or container holding your axolotl in the tank for 15-20 minutes to equalize the temperature.
- Gradually add small amounts of tank water to the bag every 10 minutes.
- After about an hour, gently release your axolotl into the tank.
Keeping an Eye on Behavior
Watch your axolotl closely during the first few days. Signs of stress include excessive hiding, refusal to eat, or floating unnaturally. If you notice anything unusual, check your water parameters.
Maintaining Your Axolotl’s Tank
A well-maintained tank keeps your axolotl happy and healthy. Regular care isn’t hard once you establish a routine.
Weekly Maintenance Tasks
- Water changes: Replace 20-25% of the water each week to keep it fresh and clean.
- Test water parameters: Use a test kit to ensure ammonia, nitrites, and nitrates are at safe levels.
- Clean the substrate: Use a siphon to remove waste and uneaten food.
Monthly Maintenance
- Rinse the filter media in tank water to remove buildup without killing beneficial bacteria.
- Check for algae growth and clean decorations or glass as needed.
Feeding Your Axolotl
Axolotls are carnivores, and their diet plays a huge role in their health. Feeding them properly ensures they get the nutrients they need to thrive.
What to Feed
- Live or frozen bloodworms
- Earthworms (pesticide-free)
- Axolotl pellets designed for amphibians
Feeding Tips
Feed your axolotl 2-3 times a week. Offer enough food for them to eat within a few minutes, and remove any leftovers to prevent water quality issues.
Creating the Perfect Lighting
Axolotls don’t need bright lights, and strong lighting can stress them out. Stick to soft, dim lighting or even natural light from a shaded area.
Lighting Options
- LED lights with adjustable brightness
- Blue or white lights for a subtle effect
- No light at all if your tank has live plants that don’t require it
Light Timing
Keep the lights on for 8-10 hours a day to mimic a natural day-night cycle. If you have trouble remembering, use a timer to automate the process.
Troubleshooting Common Issues
Even with the best setup, you might run into problems. Knowing how to handle them quickly can make all the difference.
Cloudy Water
Cloudy water is often a sign of a bacterial bloom, especially in new tanks. Perform a partial water change and make sure your tank isn’t overcrowded.
High Ammonia Levels
If ammonia spikes, test your water immediately and do a 50% water change. Add a bacterial supplement to help re-establish the nitrogen cycle.
Floating Axolotls
Sometimes axolotls float due to trapped air or digestive issues. Offer smaller meals and check for signs of impaction if it persists.
Wrapping It All Up
Setting up a coldwater tank for axolotls doesn’t have to be complicated. Focus on getting the basics right: a spacious tank, clean water, proper filtration, and the right decorations.
When you provide a healthy, comfortable environment, your axolotl will reward you with years of fascinating companionship. Keep their needs in mind, stay consistent with maintenance, and enjoy the unique joy of caring for these incredible creatures.
References
How to Set Up an Axolotl Tank – Instructables
How should I set up my axolotl’s water? – Quora
Any tips for tank setup for my soon-to-be axolotl? – Reddit
How to Set Up an Axolotl Tank – The World of Fish and Pets
Disclaimer
This content on Bagrica is for informational purposes only. Consult a professional for pet care or farming advice. Bagrica is not liable for any actions taken based on this information.
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